![]() Residency is revoked only under special conditions, like committing a crime. In a weird bureaucratic quirk, while green cards allow the holder permanent residency, they themselves need to be renewed every 10 years. Learn more about the Diversity Visa Lottery. Priority is given to those from countries that have had little immigration to the United States in recent years. government randomly selects up to 50,000 people from a pool of entries it receives from six geographic regions, such as Africa, Asia, and Oceania. Green card lottery winners: Each year, the U.S.Humanitarian green card holders: Refugees, asylum seekers, and those victims of human trafficking, crime or abuse are eligible to receive green cards.Employment-based: Certain types of workers, and in some cases, their immediate family, may be given green cards tied to their jobs.These include immediate family members, such as parents, siblings, children and also widows and widowers of either citizens or green card holders. citizens and other green card holders may apply. Family-based: Close relatives of current U.S.Types of green cards are more extensive than visas, and include, but are not limited to: Green card holders can pursue citizenship after three to five years. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). To qualify for a green card, the applicant must have an immigrant visa already, and applications are made to U.S. ![]() Green cards are issued after arrival in the United States. Green cards are technically a type of visa that allows for permanent residence. Green cards are physical cards that indicate the holder is a permanent resident of the United States, and can lawfully work and travel to anywhere within the United States. If you want to stay in the United States permanently, you’ll need a green card. Alone, an immigrant visa is not a path to citizenship. Usually the holder has been sponsored by a family member. This visa must be obtained prior to traveling to the United States, and the process for getting this type of visa is more extensive. Immigrant visas: More difficult to obtain, this type of visa allows travel to the United States to live there permanently and is part of the process in getting a green card.They are temporary documents that do not allow the holder to permanently live in the United States. Non-immigrant visas: These allow the holder to visit the United States for specific purposes, such as work, education, medical reasons or business trips, and for a specific amount of time with a clear departure date.If you want to throw a real party, that your guests will remember, and be dancing until the venue shuts you down, book these guys.Want to travel, or possibly immigrate, to the United States? Visas are something most people who wish to enter the United States need to have in order to be admitted. Songs were mixed, cut, and given more beats to make the dancing both energetic and flowing. we gave Jeff a few must play songs but ultimately wanted him to do what he's a pro at. ![]() MOST IMPORTANTLY: the music was out of this world. We had a pre-planning meeting that allowed for everything to be planned and ready to go. Jeff was adamant about getting everyone's names correct, including a number of Polish last names. We had an outdoor ceremony with 200+ and they were able to get great sound to all our guests (lapel mic on the groom, officiant, and a stand for readings.) For the reception, everything was planned very smooth. Fast forward to me writing this review after the wedding and it was worth every penny. We attended a wedding using one of the VVEP DJs and it was so noticeably better than any others we experience, we know we had to book them.
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Not only are your muscles activating, but your heart gets a great workout while pumping your arms and legs. Your arms and legs are used to help propel you, and your core is constantly engaged to keep you in place. Swinging is a full-body activity and can benefit every part of the body, from the brain down to the toes. Photo credit Benefits of swings for kids Physical benefits of swinging: This post not only covers why swings are great (and super beneficial for kids), but also contains a round-up of the best (and most fun) outdoor swings for kids that you need to try. Swinging can help regulate emotions and help the brain! There are many types of swings out there for every person and every situation. The benefits of swinging and having a swing aren’t just physical. Undoubtedly, a swing is one of the most common pieces of play equipment at the park and in backyards, and for good reason. This is the perfect post to help you find the best swing out there for you and your family based on your needs, your budget, your space, and the ages of your kids. Luckily for us, Illinois mom of three, Meghan Garriott has tested a ton of them out and put together a great list of the best outdoor kids’ swings. ![]() Finding the best outdoor swing for kids can be challenging. ![]() However, not all swings are equal and there are a lot of factors to consider when choosing a swing for your kids. From simple and small to complex and engaging, there are so many options out there for kids’ swings. ![]() Since there is very little difference in the molar masses, the entropy decrease can only be attributed to the increase in the coulombic attraction between the ions as we move from the singly charged ions Na + and F – through the doubly charged ions Mg 2+ and O 2–, to the triply charged ions A1 3+ and N 3–. Which are isoelectronic with sodium fluoride. A good example is the three solid compounds Strength of Bonding Another trend in entropy, most noticeable in the case of solids, is the decrease in the entropy as the forces between the atoms, molecules, or ions increases. In consequence there are more ways in which the energy can be distributed among the molecules. It increases with the complexity of the molecule and the state of. A: Standard molar entropy is defined as the entropy or degree of randomness of one mole of a sample Q: Rank each set of substances in order of increasing standard molar entropy (S°). Often the standard molar entropy is given at 298 K and is often demarked as So 298. Step 1: The standard molar entropy (S) is a measure of the amount of disorder in a system. ![]() The more atoms there are in a molecule, the more ways the molecule can change its shape by vibrating. One way of calculating S for a reaction is to use tabulated values of the standard molar entropy ( So ), which is the entropy of 1 mol of a substance under standard pressure (1 bar). However, we still find an increase of entropy with complexity when we compare molecules of very similar masses: To some extent this is due to the mass since on the whole more complex molecules are heavier than simpler ones. Molecular Complexity A second clear trend in the table is the higher molar entropy of substances with more complex molecules. When 1 mol of ice melts, for example, its entropy increases by 22 J K –1, while on boiling the entropy increase is 110 J K –1. When a liquid vaporizes, the restrictions on the molecules’ ability to move around are relaxed almost completely and a further and larger increase in the entropy occurs. Thus when a solid melts, the molar entropy of the substance increases. For N2H4(l) in the interval from 1.53☌ to 298.15K, the molar heat capacity at constant pressure is given by the expression Cp 97.8 + 0.0586(T 280). ![]() In a solid, the molecules are only capable of restricted vibrations around a fixed point, but when a solid melts, the molecules, though still hampered by their mutual attraction, are much freer to move around. The standard molar entropy of solid hydrazine at its melting point of 1.53☌ is 67.15 J/molK. Solids, Liquids, and Gases Perhaps the most obvious feature of the table of molecular entropies is a general increase in the molar entropy as we move from solids to liquids to gases. This order makes qualitative sense based on the kinds and extents of motion available to atoms and molecules in the three phases.\) Molar Entropy Values Compound
![]() During “Ledecestrescire” Story Arc (first region you pledge to in England) – Main Quest “Heavy is the Head”: After the Leofrith boss battle, you can choose whether to spare Leofrith’s Life “(Spare) Burgred abandoned you” or to kill him “(Kill) Pray to your god now”. Choose to kill Leofrith to make Order of the Ancients Members (Zealots) hunt you.Pick this story choice to be hunted by Zealot Order Members (recommended to save time): The advantage of having them hunt you is that they will come to you instead of you having to search for them. There’s a dialogue choice early in the story that determines whether Zealots will hunt you throughout the game or whether they will leave you alone. To save time it’s recommended that you have the Zealots hunt you. See the below paragraph for a story choice to help with this. So by looking out for them from the start you can save time later. This can make it annoying to find them as they have no fixed spawn. The reason you’re supposed to look out for them is that they ride all over the map and move around. If you’re underleveled you can track them from that menu later to find them again. If you see this icon, always scan them with from up close so they get marked in the Order Menu. You can see a white helmet icon on the map when they are within a few hundred meters of you. One thing to look out for are the “Zealots”, there are 15 of them and they are a type of Order of the Ancients Member. We’ll go through the Missables in a moment.įeel free to work on any other trophies and tasks you see fit. You can still return to all regions after the story, but there are some missable Completion Items that can only be found during a specific quest. While doing raids, also pick up the smaller golden wealth chests, they don’t count towards 100% completion but contain supplies for upgrading your camp. Some buildings (especially Castles) are only unlocked after story-related raids. If you can’t reach a Collectible yet, it means you need more story progress. ![]() After playing through the story of a region, it’s best that you immediately clean up all the Wealth, Mysteries, Artifacts there before moving to the next region. In England you will have to pledge to 16 regions to make them your friends. The way the story works is that there’s a Prologue in Norway and then you go to England. On the world map it shows you in the bottom right corner how many you found of each type and how many are left. Assassin’s Creed Valhalla – Artifacts Guide. ![]()
![]() Set 40 km from Piedmont Triad airport, this 3-star Courtyard Winston-Salem. This property affirms that it adheres to the cleaning and disinfection practices of SafeStay (AHLA - USA). Hotel Courtyard By Marriott Winston-Salem Downtown Winston-Salem - 3 star hotel. Unwind & connect at the hotels unique outdoor patio. This property affirms that it follows the cleaning and disinfection practices of Commitment to Clean (Marriott). The Courtyard Marriott Winston-Salem Downtown features Winston-Salems first rooftop bar, Top of 4th. ![]() Individually-wrapped food options are available for breakfast.Įach guestroom is kept vacant for a minimum of 24 hours between bookings. Social distancing measures are in place staff at the property wear personal protective equipment a shield is in place between staff and guests in main contact areas periodic temperature checks are conducted on staff temperature checks are available to guests guests are provided with hand sanitizer.Ĭontactless check-in and contactless check-out are available. Personal protective equipment, including masks and gloves, will be available to guests. Check out total event space, meeting rooms, and request a proposal. In this role you will Assist in supervising the front desk. Short Term Disability / Long Term Disability / Life Insurance. Make your hotel stay exceptional at Marriott Winston-Salem, located in downtown Winston-Salem, North Carolina.This property advises that enhanced cleaning and guest safety measures are currently in place.ĭisinfectant is used to clean the property commonly-touched surfaces are cleaned with disinfectant between stays bed sheets and towels are laundered at a temperature of at least 60☌/140☏. Plan your next event or meeting at Courtyard Winston Salem Downtown in Winston-Salem, NC. Winston-Salem, NC 27101 (Downtown area) Estimated 29.6K - 37.5K a year. ![]() Maintain your routine in our hotel's reinvented fitness center featuring Fitness On Demand and stay connected with complimentary Wi-Fi and a full-service business center. Enjoy our grab-and-go breakfast option for your day out and our Fresh Bites in-room hotel dining. Courtyard by Marriott, Marriott International’s popular 4-star brand, is growing its portfolio in promising markets despite the challenges caused by Covid19. Our guests appreciate the all-new guest rooms in our Winston-Salem, hotel featuring sleek décor, platform beds, flat-screen TVs and spa-like bathrooms. The Courtyard by Marriott brand is continuing to expand at pace with the launch of a new six-storey property in Downtown Winston-Salem. 640 West Fourth Street, Winston Salem, NC 27101. Couples, families and Marriott Bonvoy members enjoy downtown Winston-Salem's arts district, museums, shopping, golf and universities. ![]() 3.9 km from Courtyard by Marriott Winston-Salem University. Hotel Indigo Winston-Salem Downtown, an IHG Hotel. Business travelers love our downtown hotel in Winston-Salem, NC, with its convenient location near the area’s top companies, 15,000 sq ft of flexible event space and our direct connection to the Benton Convention Center. Enjoy Food and Drinks Offered at Courtyard Winston-Salem Downtown. Courtyard by Marriott Winston-Salem University: Great for a Chain - See 257 traveller reviews, 85 candid photos. Business-friendly hotel close to Benton Convention Center. Explore Winston-Salem's most unique vantage point – the redesigned Winston-Salem Marriott in the Twin City Quarter. Free WiFi and an indoor pool at Courtyard by Marriott Winston - Salem Downtown, Winston-Salem. Project employee Addison Augustine, who is Ben's fiancée, acts as his liaison with the project, appearing to him as a hologram only he can see and hear, just as the previous project's observer Al Calavicci did for Beckett. ![]() He becomes lost in the past just as Beckett did, living the lives of other people and changing history in hopes of getting back to the present. Ben Song, the new project's lead physicist, has uploaded new program code to the project systems and used the upgraded accelerator to leap back in time. The Quantum Leap project has been restarted with a new team trying to piece together the mysteries behind Beckett and his machine. Sam Beckett vanished into the Quantum Leap accelerator. In December 2022, the series was renewed for a second season which is scheduled to premiere on October 4, 2023. The season premiered on September 19, 2022. Ben Song, along with Caitlin Bassett, Mason Alexander Park, Nanrisa Lee, and Ernie Hudson. The series stars Raymond Lee as new lead character Dr. Sam Beckett stepped into the Quantum Leap accelerator and after the Season 5 finale where the show left off. Bellisario, Steven Lilien & Bryan Wynbrandt executive produce the new season. ![]() Bellisario, with Steven Lilien & Bryan Wynbrandt developing the new series. It is a revival of the show created by Donald P. However, with Stockwell’s passing in 2021, the pair will never be together again in the same way.Quantum Leap is an American science fiction television series aired on NBC. The act changes Al’s life for the better, promising a changed dynamic for the pair. In the final episode, Sam saves Al’s first marriage in 1969 by preventing his wife Beth from remarrying after Al’s apparent death. If Sam were to return to the series, he would have to do so without his constant partner Al, played by the late Dean Stockwell. Of course, Gero doesn’t let that idea slip yet, but he remains adamant that “it would be pretty amazing to have him back.” In a conversation with Collider, Gero said, “I will respectfully always ask him to do the show.” Gero wants to “completely respect his wishes, ” but also wants Bakula to know “our enthusiasm, our love, and our reverence for the old show.” And so, in Gero’s mind, Bakula’s decision is simply “a no right now.” In fact, Gero admitted that he has “a very, very good idea that know about” for bringing Sam into the new series. However, the showrunner of the new series Martin Gero is not giving up. Here’s the simple version of what’s going on with the Quantum Leap reboot and me: /IY04yl6ReU- Scott Bakula September 15, 2022 (1/5) To Quantum Leap fans around the world, in an effort to quiet the rumors and move on…įirst of all, thanks for hanging around through the decades! And while he ends his thread with well-wishes - “I am crossing my fingers that this new cast and crew are lucky enough to tap into the magic that propelled the original Quantum Leap into the hearts and minds of generations past and present” - Bakula seemed certain that Sam’s leaping would never cross paths with that of Raymond Lee’s Dr. “I have no connection with the new show, either in front of the camera or behind it,” Bakula tweeted. While that may be a bummer for fans of the original series, it provides hope for fans of the reboot, which debuted earlier this year - even if Bakula says there isn’t any.Ī few weeks ago, Bakula took to Twitter to explain his absence from the series. ![]() ![]() Instead, he continues leaping into other bodies, righting historical wrongs. Our hero, played by Scott Bakula, will never reunite with his beloved wife. That revelation in the final episode of the original Quantum Leap, which aired in 1993, has to be among the most disparaging endings of a beloved TV show. tableflip has no bugs, it has no vulnerabilities and it has low support. Mix and match the sparkles with various types of text fonts and kaomoji! See also the master list for more borders and dividers! They’re great to use on social media posts, like Tumblr, Amino or Twitter. You can also put your text in the center as a headline divider. Use these glitters for dividing posts or long texts. However they work fine in Firefox and most apps like Instagram, Discord and Slack. Nᴏᴛᴇ: Some of these glittery splitters may unfortunately not show up properly in Chrome browsers due to how Chrome reads Unicode characters. You’ve probably seen these decorative stars and sparkles before! I love how they’re actually on just one line but they still look like they take up multiple lines! Try using them to make some cool bios and blog posts. Wouldn’t it be nice to go out camping in the great outdoors and stargaze? Feel the wind brush your cheek and listen to the trees being swayed by the wind? Here’s some sparkly designs to encapsulate that mood ~ ヾ๑ˊᵕˋ๑◞♡ If you’re into things that lie beyond planet earth then these combinations of stars and moons will be a perfect match for you! public: /public command is interconnected to. Using the /stealth command in public channels, your generation will always be visible to all. You need to use this command in your Direct Messages or on a private Discord server. These cool and girly glitters come with lots of flowers, hearts, bows and ribbons! These decorations can suit all sorts of happy and soft aesthetic moods ~ ✨(◕▿◕✿) By using this command, users can go private mode to keep their Midjourney generations private. See Also: Special Fonts and Circle Numbers Cute Sparkles Use the star symbols to show excitement, moons for deep feelings and dreaming, hearts for love and romance, flowers for nature and and musical notes for dancing and singing! You can even combine these patterns to display your own mood. How to add kaomojis to your dictionary on iPhone/iPadĭo you want to add a more dramatic effect to your kaomoji or liven up your website ? Look no further! Use these sparkling text characters to create your desired emoticon or use them as borders and dividers on your website, tweet, blog, bio, profile or tumblr! These glittery sparkles are cute and are easy to copy and paste~ ♪.Tiny Text Generator (ˢᵐᵃˡˡ ₜₑₓₜ sɪᴢᴇs!) Copy & Paste.Japanese Style Text Generator (乇乂丅尺卂 丅卄工匚匚).Circle Text Generator (Bubble Text Font) (ⓒⓘⓡⓒⓛⓔ).Japanese slang | Meaning of w, kwsk, hshs, 8888, wktk and more….Fancy and Cool Merry Christmas Texts and Symbols.Tiny Text Generator (ˢᵐᵃˡˡ ₜₑₓₜ sɪᴢᴇs!) Copy & Paste Sub menu.Circle Generator (Bubble Text Font) (ⓒⓘⓡⓒⓛⓔ).Shrug, tableflip, unflip, and many others place a string at a single position, in Discord that's at the end of the string, but this allows a constant string to be placed anywhere else, so they're better fit as constants if anything, but I'm unsure about whether we should have those as they're not content formatters, and if we implement more kinds of stuff, we might feature creep the library. The point of the current functions is that they alter the way text is formatted by placing a string at the start of the line, in both sides of the content, or in time's and hyperlink's cases, they take input and format it conveniently. Honestly, I don't see the point of the function, as has shown, you can use it anywhere, which makes it no better than just exporting a constant. ![]() With competitive, simple pricing, you don't have to worry. Highest quality of recording is achieved with one hour per disc while two hours is still very good but not longer. Many types of videos can be transferred to DVDs not to mention iPhone and iPad videos. DVDs maintain their performance for a long time, but it is recommended that you get a back up of your DVD, because they can get lost or broken. Convert your video and VHS tapes to DVDs before it's too late. With age, your tapes might become sticky, lose color and lose sound, which shows a degradation of quality. VHS and video tape conditions worsen quickly with time and use. By converting your tapes, and records to digitized CDs you restore the sound and increase your enjoyment.ĪV Conversion Services can protect your precious memories. You may even want favorite vinyl records or LPs to be converted to CD discs. The removal of hissing or crackling sounds is possible when noise filters are applied after digitization. The tape would be digitized when converted to a CD while enhancing the audio recording. Then the vocal level can be raised and balanced.ĪV Conversion Services can make a CD from your mini cassette tapes for them to last longer. The noise filters eliminate any humming or hissing heard. Once the digitization occurs, the noise reduction filters are added. When the audio levels are optimized, the extraneous noises are reduced. Your reel-to-reel tapes will improve their sound when converted to CDs. The vocal levels of the cassette are elevated to permit a balancing of the audio level on the new digitized file format.ĪV Conversion Services will convert your reel-to-reel audio tapes to CD, giving them new life. ![]() When digitized, the filters applied will reduce any humming or crackling. By improving the level of the recording, the background noise is decreased. The sound of the cassette will be improved during the transfer to CD or mp3. After the videos are put into our computers, we'll upgrade audio as well as noise levels, adjust if necessary, so you'll be very satisfied with the results.ĭiscover more about Converting Video to MP4Īt AV Conversion Services we can convert your audio cassettes and vinyl records to an mp3, CD disc, or WAV file, preserving and restoring their sound. ![]() Stabilizing your video and correcting color and light are done when using our high tech equipment by our professionals. We use the latest high tech commercial equipment to convert videos to MP4 files. Then you can plug the drive into your computer and enjoy again. Once complete, we send your files to you on a USB Flash Drive or Hard Drive with the originals. Each video tape is then numbered and digitalized into an MP4 file. This common digital file type can be transferred to youtube or facebook or even to smart TVs for prompt viewing.Īfter accepting your VHS, VHS-C, Camcorder and Hi 8 videos, we need to collect information to complete the order to your expectations. These MP4 files can be imported using most current software programs. Compatible MP4 files can be run or edited on almost every kind of computer. Your memories will last for years with your new digitized HD DVD or Bluray.įind out more about Film Transfer to DVD or BlurayĪV Conversion Services can transform your VHS, Hi 8, Camcorder, VHS-C and Mini DV video tapes to top notch qualityMP4 files. Other benefits include free film leaders if needed and some free titles. Next, balancing the color will improve the clarity of your digital film. With our in-house transfer Film Transfer, we will make corrections in the contrast and brightness. With time, colors on a film will decline. By scanning frame by frame, it assures a film transfer with no further flickering and clear from edge to edge. Probing for any damaged sections of your 8mm or 16mm film, repairs are then made where necessary. Once we get your film, we have to clean it, then lubricate it with an anti-static solvent. And with simple pricing with comprehensive features, it's even more amazing.Īt AV Conversion Services, we use the newest technology which allows us to define frames, correct color and detect any imperfections. Our Film Transfer will produce fantastic results. Our HD film scanners are full frame, with high quality, some with sound duplication while other scanning machines we have do silent films, whether sprocket holes are in tact or not. Work is done in-house with our latest scanning machines for film transfers. AV Conversion Services can transfer your old home movies from 8mm, Super 8 or 16 mm to a current DVD, Bluray or even a digital file. ![]() ![]() ![]() col= and size= control the color and size of the points respectively. The first three arguments are the x, y, and z numeric vectors representing points. It creates a spinning 3D scatterplot that can be rotated with the mouse. You can also create an interactive 3D scatterplot using the plot3D( x, y, z ) function in the rgl package. S3d <-scatterplot3d(wt,disp,mpg, pch=16, highlight.3d=TRUE, # 3D Scatterplot with Coloring and Vertical Lines Scatterplot3d(wt,disp,mpg, pch=16, highlight.3d=TRUE, # 3D Scatterplot with Coloring and Vertical Drop Lines Scatterplot3d(wt,disp,mpg, main="3D Scatterplot") Use the function scatterplot3d( x, y, z). You can create a 3D scatterplot with the scatterplot3d package. Then add the alpha transparency level as the 4th number in the color vector. For example, col2rgb("darkgreen ") yeilds r=0, g=100, b=0. Note: You can use the col2rgb( ) function to get the rbg values for R colors. # High Density Scatterplot with Color Transparency See help(sunflowerplot) for details.įinally, you can save the scatterplot in PDF format and use color transparency to allow points that overlap to show through (this idea comes from B.S. The hexbin(x, y) function in the hexbin package provides bivariate binning into hexagonal cells (it looks better than it sounds).Īnother option for a scatterplot with significant point overlap is the sunflowerplot. There are several approaches that be used when this occurs. ![]() When there are many data points and significant overlap, scatterplots become less useful. Main="Variables Ordered and Colored by Correlation" # reorder variables so those with highest correlationĬpairs(dta, dta.o, lors=dta.col, gap=.5, # Scatterplot Matrices from the glus Packageĭta.r <- abs(cor(dta)) # get correlationsĭta.col <- lor(dta.r) # get colors It can also color code the cells to reflect the size of the correlations. The gclus package provides options to rearrange the variables so that those with higher correlations are closer to the principal diagonal. Scatterplot.matrix(~mpg+disp+drat+wt|cyl, data=mtcars, # Scatterplot Matrices from the car Package The car package can condition the scatterplot matrix on a factor, and optionally include lowess and linear best fit lines, and boxplot, densities, or histograms in the principal diagonal, as well as rug plots in the margins of the cells. # Scatterplot Matrices from the lattice Package The lattice package provides options to condition the scatterplot matrix on a factor. There are at least 4 useful functions for creating scatterplot matrices. Xlab="Weight of Car", ylab="Miles Per Gallon", The scatterplot( ) function in the car package offers many enhanced features, including fit lines, marginal box plots, conditioning on a factor, and interactive point identification. Lines(lowess(wt,mpg), col="blue") # lowess line (x,y) (To practice making a simple scatterplot, try this interactive example from DataCamp.)Ībline(lm(mpg~wt), col="red") # regression line (y~x) Xlab="Car Weight ", ylab="Miles Per Gallon ", pch=19) Plot(wt, mpg, main="Scatterplot Example", The basic function is plot( x, y ), where x and y are numeric vectors denoting the (x,y) points to plot. There are many ways to create a scatterplot in R. ![]() Higher greenhouse gas concentrations would make regional variations even more pronounced. Precipitation averaged over the mid-latitude land areas of the Northern Hemisphere has increased since 1951, while other areas such as Southeast Asia and some parts of Africa have observed a decrease in precipitation. ![]() TemperatureĬlimate change is increasing spatial variation in precipitation patterns and is expected to make wet regions wetter and dry regions drier in general although there could be a few exceptions. For Australia, it was the fourth‑warmest year on record, while Mexico experienced the highest temperatures ever recorded in the months of May, July and November. Japan and Korea reached their heat record in 2020. It was the eighth‑warmest year on record for China. Major parts of Asia also saw a notable warmth in 2020. The annual mean temperature of Europe 2020 was the warmest year on record, at more than 1.6 ☌ above the 1981-2010 average. Many European countries including the Netherlands, Sweden and Finland had their warmest year in 2020. Only four IEA countries, Canada, India, Ireland, and the United Kingdom, recorded a slower increase in temperature than 0.020 ☌ per year. Turkey, Central Europe (including Slovak Republic, Austria, Czech Republic and Hungary), Poland and the Baltic countries saw the greatest increases to temperatures. During the past two decades, 34% of IEA member and association countries recorded a steeper increase in temperatures, over 0.042 ☌ per year while the world average was 0.031 ☌. Warming temperatures pose a significant challenges to the majority of IEA member and association countries. The temperature of northern Eurasia was more than five degrees above the average of 1981-2010, while south-western United States, northern and western South America and Central America saw a notable rise in temperature as well. In particular, the Northern Hemisphere land and ocean surface temperatures were the highest on record. The global mean temperature reached 1.2☐.1 ☌ above the pre-industrial levels (1850-1900) in 2020, which was the second‑warmest year on record. Eight out of the ten warmest years occurred during the last decade. The last decade (2011-2020) was the warmest decade since records began in 1880. For a more complete picture, the assessment will need to be expanded to include various climate hazards (such as, sea-level rise and melting glaciers) and other aspects of climate risk, exposure and vulnerability. Since the assessment does not cover all aspects of climate risk, the results may have limitations in capturing a full picture of climate risk for each country. The level of climate hazard of each country is determined by a combination of these four aspects: warming, floods, droughts and tropical cyclones. Most of the data has been extracted from the IEA Weather for Energy Tracker and the INFORM Risk Index. This article assesses the level of climate hazard in terms of temperature, precipitation and cyclones for each IEA member and association country. Vulnerability is the propensity or predisposition to be adversely affected. Exposure indicates the presence of assets, services, resources and infrastructure that could be adversely affected. Hazard refers to the potential occurrence of climate-related physical events or trends that may cause damage and loss. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), climate risk results from the interaction of hazard, exposure and vulnerability. |
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